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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">matatecs</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Математика и теоретические компьютерные науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3919</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26907/2949-3919.2025.4.87-119</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">matatecs-95</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Продолжения фазовых траекторий и расширения дифференциальных операторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extensions of phase trajectories and extensions of differential operators</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакбаев</surname><given-names>В. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakbaev</surname><given-names>V. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Всеволод Жанович Сакбаев</p><p>Миусская пл., д. 4, г. Москва, 125047</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod Zhanovich Sakbaev</p><p>4 Miysskaya sq., Moscow 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fumi2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт прикладной математики им. М.В. Келдыша РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (Russian Academy of Sciences)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сакбаев В.Ж., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сакбаев В.Ж.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakbaev V.Z.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://matatecs.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/95">https://matatecs.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/95</self-uri><abstract><p>Траектории движения вдоль бездивергентных векторных полей в фазовом пространстве автономных систем дифференциальных уравнений изучаются наряду с соответствующим эволюционным дифференциальным уравнением первого порядка (уравнением Лиувилля), описывающим сдвиг аргумента заданной на фазовом пространстве функции вдоль траекторий векторного поля. В качестве фазового пространства рассматриваются конечные графы и плоские области. Отсутствие глобального по времени решения задачи Коши для системы дифференциальных уравнений приводит к отсутствию порождаемой задачей Коши группы преобразований пространства начальных данных. Продолжение совокупности фазовых траекторий сопоставляется с косоэрмитовым расширением дифференциального оператора, заданного на гладких финитных функциях на фазовом пространстве. Установлено, какие косоэрмитовы расширения дифференциального оператора первого порядка ассоциированы с детерминированными продолжениями фазового потока, а какие – со стохастическими продолжениями траекторий через границу фазового пространства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The trajectories of motion along divergence-free vector fields in the phase space of autonomous systems of differential equations are studied, along with the corresponding first-order evolutionary differential equation (the Liouville equation), which describes the shift of the argument of a given function on the phase space along the trajectories of the vector field. Finite graphs and planar domains are considered as the phase space. The absence of a global-in-time solution to the Cauchy problem for the system of differential equations leads to the absence of a transformation group of the initial data space generated by the Cauchy problem. The extension of the set of phase trajectories is associated with a skew-Hermitian extension of the differential operator defined on smooth, compactly supported functions on the phase space.It is established which skew-Hermitian extensions of the first-order differential operator are associated with deterministic extensions of the phase flow, and which are associated with stochastic extensions of trajectories through the boundary of the phase space.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фазовый поток</kwd><kwd>инвариантная мера</kwd><kwd>расширение фазового пространства</kwd><kwd>расширение линейного оператора</kwd><kwd>индексы дефекта</kwd><kwd>купмановское представление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phase flow</kwd><kwd>invariant measure</kwd><kwd>extension of a phase space</kwd><kwd>extension of a linear operator</kwd><kwd>deficiency indices</kwd><kwd>Koopman representation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. 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